Lesson 3. Geomorphology: Earth’s Interior, Plate Tectonics, and Landforms

This topic explains the “why” behind the location of mountains, volcanoes, and earthquakes. Concentrate on the theory of Plate Tectonics—convergent, divergent, and transform boundaries—and their associated landforms (fold mountains, rift valleys, island arcs). Understand the processes of volcanism, seismicity (focus, epicenter), and resultant landforms like geysers and hot springs. NCERT Class XI is your primary resource. For applied preparation, consistently link this static knowledge to recent events—track earthquakes via the “US Geological Survey (USGS)” website and volcanic eruptions through global news. This connects theory to real-world geography.